1R is the reference to the “Lighter end” 2-yr horizon of the pavement maintenance projects (chip seal or crack seal up to 2”) (3Rs = tiered system of difficulty, time, and cost).

is a generic name for the output data from the Mandli Workstation software. It is surface condition data retrieved from the LCMS and profiling system that is used by KDOT to get surface condition data like IRI, rutting, faulting, and some forms of cracking from the LCMS and profiling system ready to for input into PMS databases. This data includes  IRI, rutting, faulting, and some forms of cracking.

is a reference to the Laser Crack Measurement System used by KDOT PMS personnel

See K-Hub

are the actions that was previously done to a pavement segment.  It is the answer to the record of how did thea pavement section getgot built over time?.  It also hasincludes a report that includesprovides the Action HistoryActions previously done to a pavement segment and current status likesuch as pending projects, candidate status, and verbose location descriptions.

are mostlyprimarily tied to data collection and processing, but include all aspects of helping users maintain good viable data and processes in order to instill confidence in the processes and results from all aspects of the system

data is used as an indicator of the structural strength of a pavement.

with respect to a specific requirement indicates that the identified functionality and/or specification must be met in the form presented with no substitution.  (See also Expected and Desirable)

is an indication of ifwhether the action is appropriate for the pavement type and condition of the candidate location.

are typically one -year step cycles for analysis purposes.

is a somewhat special pavement condition in Kansas related to concrete pavements.  It is collected manually through a KDOT specific application called WhiPavSur.

is a data collection process to obtain spot results of surface characteristics related to how well a tire and the road surface interact under braking and cornering inputs.  Within KDOT this is often simply called SKID.

process is a web form the district personnel complete at the end of the construction year (or when the project is open to traffic) with identifying actions were performed at location.

(as in Current Year or Current ActivitiesActions) refers to a measure of time and is specifically a reference to the timeframe that includes the Present. In regards toRegarding KDOT PMS, the standard definition of the Present includes all activities Actions performed over the annual cycle that starts approximately at the beginning of the Present year and ends approximately at the end of the pPresent year.  Note that data in many PMS tables are “current” in that all data in them is with reference to the cCurrent LRS, .while   Oother KDOT data may be based on the LRS at the time the data was entered (WinCPMS is an example).   

is a reference to the Kansas Turnpike Authority 

Replacement Pavement Management System is a reference to the software system that will replace the existing PMS software

is and will be fed by the pavement management system shows how dollars into the network will affect pavement system condition performance.  This is one of many Performance Measures that use the output from PMS to communicate pavement condition, asset management, funding needs, etc.

is a dynamic website that allows users to input some parameters such as annual funds for pavement actions and distribution between Interstate and Non-Interstate routes to see future pavement performance based on those inputs.  The data to make this work comes from PMS.  This is another Performance Measure application used to communicate the relationship between funding and pavement performance.   

refers to the current KDOT program for funding a flexible, responsive rolling program focused on right-sized, practical transportation improvements throughout the entire state. This program also has some performance measure requirements.   

Data Quality Management Plan is a reference to a report generated by KDOT

with respect to a specific Requirement refers to functionality or specification that is desired but not critical to the operation of the system. (See also Expected, Mandatory, and Should) 

is a reference to the Geometry Table PMS Data System. In the system currently in use, this is the master Inventory table upon which most other tables depend.

refers to historically measured and calculated data from the multi-decade operation of the KDOT PMS team derived either from direct measurements or from a variety of former or currently used modeling techniques. 

is the overall vertical structure of any particular Segment of the KDOT Highway Network that is derived from an analysis of Actions to generate the structure (or Sandwich). Note that Layer Data can be compared to cores to see if layers or Action History are missing. Both the Actions taken to generate the layers and the materials that remain as a result of the layers can be displayed in a pavement sandwich diagram to help users understand what the structure is at the location and what Actions might be feasible. (See also Pavement Sandwich) 

is the smallest delineation of the KDOT Highway Network for which data is collected and activities occur. The Segment size can vary depending upon the purpose of the activities. Currently the PMS system utilizes Segment sizes from 1/200-mile, 1/100-mile, 0.1-mile, 1 mile, to project size basis. The Segment can be expressed in any of the Linear Reference Systems allowed in the R-PMS application including defined by GPS (Lat/Long) of the start and end of the Segment. (See also Segmentation)

is the collection of roadways of the State of Kansas for which KDOT maintains Inventory and condition data and other Attributes linked typically through a Linear Reference System.

is the collection of data describing various qualitative aspects of the Pavement for any particular Segment including measurements of rutting, roughness, faulting, cracking, Surface Friction, Cross-Slope, and other surface characteristics. The Pavement Condition Data can also include other measures regarding the structural data based upon the original construction, all subsequent Treatments for any particular Segment, and imposed traffic levels causing degradation of the pavement condition.

is a visual or textual description of the structure of any particular Segment of the KDOT Highway Network. Minimum set of Pavement Sandwich Reports that must be included is a textual description of the various layers that comprise the substructure of the Segment below the visible surface. 

is generally defined as an organized set of stated variables or metrics that fulfill a specific need. Note that a non-exhaustive list of reports is provided in a Reports Tab. 

with respect to a specific Requirement indicates that the identified functionality and/or specification is Mandatory but alternative solutions are acceptable.

3R is a reference to resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation projects which typically involve pavement improvement work and targeted safety improvements but generally involve retention of the existing three-dimensional alignment of the highway Segment.

are the unit costs (dollars per square yard) to perform this action on the candidate pavement.

are groupings of actions that are considered together when making pavement decisions based on broad goals such as like we want to addadding structure or we are widely addressing rutting. so we want actions to better accomplish those broad goals.

are what contractors can do to the highways to change their condition.  These include things like overlays and mill and fill.  The words “scopes” or “treatments” isare often used interchangeably with actions.

are the real dollars programmed by KDOT to pay for projects (vs User Costs).

is the method of combining linear portions of the highway system together.  Some data items are points, but others are continuous.  The data from those continuous variables are split at specific intervals or predetermined endpoints to create aggregated segments.  Typical aggregations include “frames” which are 1/200th of a mile, “tenths” 1/10th mile, segments nominally 1 mile, and logical projects variable lengths up to 20 miles.   

are the characteristics or data about something.  Typically, attributes is used to define things like the width of a highway pavement, the traffic at that location, the pavement type, etc.

is a reference to the Agency Central Financial Report generated by other KDOT departments using PMS data for use by the Legislature and internal KDOT personnel

is the list of projects recommended by the KDOT PMS system presented to each District Engineer for consideration of preservation Actions generally to be performed in next two- to three-year period of time.

is a reference to the Control Section Analysis System

is used by K-Hub to define where routes exist.  It is based on direction of travel, not based on roadway centerline.  It also follows the travelway likeincluding on ramps, instead of allowing direct access at centerline intersections.  (See also Linear Referencing System)  

include a wide variety of methods to collect data about pavement conditions.  This includes the  

is the LRS represented by a line running along the center of a road or highway regardless of direction of travel or actual location of travelway. (See also Linear Referencing System)  

are what KDOT assumes will need to be done to a framework PMS to allow it to function as KDOT intends.

is the process used by planning to stretchblend and massagemerge the PMS network onto the K-Hub network.  The conflation process is the means of using GPS data along with the PMS centerline Linear Referencing System and the K-Hub carriageway LRS to best fit the collected data to both LRS methods to indicate where along the routes the data applies.

is a collection system KDOT has used experimentally to obtain surface friction data.

is currently not housed in PMS, but PMS is the proper place to maintainit should be where data about pavement cores is maintained.  This data should include when and where the core was taken, the depth of the core hole, the amount of solid material recovered and approximate layer thicknesses, and possibly more detail.

is a measure of the rise over run transverse to the centerline of the pavement.   

Comma Separated Values is a file format specification using a text file with fields separated by commas

is envisioned as a means to provide existing data in database views so that it will not require multiple attempts to convert the data from current databases and tables to a new schema.

are the mathematical means of computing pavement condition changes over time.   

are mostly related to the time value of money and are closely tied to UMB Circular 94 and Inflation, Interest, and subsequent Discount Rates as they relate to long-term investments like pavement infrastructure.

(See also Priority Formula)

is a metric used to enable comparison of different surfaces after varying treatments so that the thickness of the roadway is normalized for more easy comparison.

with respect to a specific requirement indicates that the identified functionality and/or specification should be met but may involve minor substitution.  (See also Desirable, Mandatory and DesirableShould)

is a reference to the Federal Highway Administration 

has been warped in KDOT jargon to mean ameans any pavement with an asphalt (or seal) surface.

in this document, are methods of obtaining user input to the PMS.  This term is being used to represent only those outside data entries that are not part of the standard operating of the system (i.e., formsfillable screens for things like a user logginglogin into the system or a user report generation generating a report or form are not spelled as a formforms in this document).

is a reference to the Governmental Accounting Standards Board 

is a reference to the Ground Penetrating Radar system used by KDOT PMS personnel

is a reference to the national Global Positioning System of satellites used as a precision reference system

is a reference to the R-PMS Graphical User Interface 

is a national level highway information system that includes data on the extent, condition, performance, use, and operating characteristics of the nation’s highways.

is a report that HPMS produces that provides feedback to divisions and states on their HPMS pavement submittal data in response to requirements of 23 CFR 490.

are connections between systems to allow data to be exchanged in defined ways when specified.

Geometry Table in the PMS Database System 

is a reference to the International Roughness Index 

is a reference to the KDOT database system whichthat maintains the State Highway Network Data and contains information about the geometrics of the 10,000-plus miles of road in the state highway system, as well as a small percentage of off state system local roadways.   It is an ESRI Roads & Highways implementation.

is KDOT’s online public mapping platform https://ksdot.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html

is a reference to the Kansas Department of Transportation 

has a couple meanings.  Within existing KDOT databases, the field “lane” can be zero through 4four.  Zero means that the highway is not divided at this location;.  Oone means the data represents the Westbound lanes only;.  Ttwo is Northbound; three is Eastbound; and four is Southbound.  The word can also be a more generic term meaning the grouping of through, passing, and turning lanes.

is the name of the technology employed by the Mandli integrated systems owned and operated by KDOT to collect much of the pavement surface condition data.

is a method of spatial referencing in engineering and construction in which locations of physical features along a linear element are described in terms of measurements from a fixed point. KDOT utilizes at least two different forms of Linear Referencing Systems, Carriageway and Centerline.  (See also: Centerline LRS,  Carriageway LRS and Conflation)  

is a presumed benefit of a modern PMS that allows users to collaborate and to share comments and suggestions on reports and maps and other documents.

mostly refers to summarized data that was previously predicted for a Performance Measure and can now be checked against that prediction.

is the set of attributes (i.ee.g., geometrics, condition, pavement type, width, depth, speed, functional classification,…) on the network/roadway and  refers to the list of Segments that collectively define the KDOT Highway Network and for which KDOT is responsible for maintenance and improvement activities.

is a KDOT specific Pavement Imaging and Data Viewer like videolog, but with condition data and some action history tooincluded.

is a reference to the National Highway System

samples are Highway Performance Monitoring System locations that require pavement condition data even though they are not on the Kansas State Highway System nor the Kansas Turnpike.

is a reference to the Office of Management and Budget 

See Actions

is a method of spatial referencing in engineering and construction in which locations of physical features along a linear element are described in terms of measurements from a fixed point. KDOT utilizes at least two different forms of Linear Referencing Systems, Carriageway and Centerline.  (See also: Centerline LRS and Carriageway LRS and Conflation)

refers to the modeling process of prioritizing performance over cost

is a reference to the Pavement Management System

are specific pavement performance models based on an action beinghaving been applied to a pavement.

has an aggregated meaning like “50% of KDOT Interstates will be in “Good” condition in period X” or can mean the result of applying deterioration or post action models or combinations of both to a particular pavement segment and determining what the condition will be like in future periods.

is a set of calculations of need based upon several engineering factors such as geometrics and safety, capacity, pavement structure, and pavement surface data that are part of the process used to identify candidate roadways for 3R projects.   

is an input to the Priority Formula, and it currently is generated through a Monte Carlo process that predicts for each of the pavement condition variables when the pavement surface will reach threshold levels in terms of time.  The time at which the simulation estimates that a variable reaches a threshold is the Remaining Pavement Life.   

(aka International Roughness Index or IRI) is a worldwide standard index of pavement smoothness (or roughness) derived by inputting pavement profile data through a golden car simulator to determine what people in the car would feel.

means any pavement with a concrete surface.

are computers and software outside of the current KDOT network used to process the surface data collected through the Mandli profiler and LCMS systems.  These workstations include software for viewing the images and data, processing the RAWraw data into XML files and images, and for generating reports of data that are then uploaded into KDOT PMS database tables.  (See also csvCSV reports)

is a reference to the software delivery model called Software as a Service 

See Actions

Continuous Surface Friction

is the smallest portion of a roadway as identifyied by an LRS or other measurement.  (See also Segmentation and  Network Segment)

are database records referencing a segment in the PMS system that do not exist within the KDOT Planning system

is how a linear feature likesuch as a highway is broken into pieces with defined begin and end points.  (See also  Aggregationalso Aggregation for more detail)

is a reference to the Kansas State Highway System 

See Locked Wheel Friction Measurement

is the Replacement PMS (R-PMS)

is a technology that allows for a User to authenticate securely once and have access to a specific set of applications, network resources, web applications, and cloud resources by the use of one set of credentials.  and in the case of the The KDOT R-PMS system with respect tois accessible through the State of Kansas SSO Azure User Login.

are an inputs to the pPriority fFormula. that are derived Derived from the GPS data collected as part of the annual network collection for Pavement Management, .  Aa stopper is really a location with a sight distance of 1300 feet or less due to vertical curvature of the highway based on standard design parameters.

is a broad term that mostly means to useused to describe the combined use of Falling Weight Deflectometer or Traffic Speed Deflectometer, and available pavement cores, and pavement thickness, and action history data together to help determine if the pavement at a location is strong enough to withstand the traffic loading expected at that location or if an action to strengthen the pavement is required.

See Locked Wheel Surface Measurement

is a measurable attribute of the pavement surface that is related to pavement friction.  It includes statistics like Mean Profile Depth or Mean Texture Depth.

is a data collection device that allows for deflection measurements at highway speeds along with other pavement data collection systems like LCMS and 3-D GPR and RoW cameras.  KDOT has obtained about 1,700 miles of this data since 2018, and continues to use it and evaluate it in the PMS processes.

is a Federally required documentation of the existing asset management practices for each State’s Transportation Departments.  The purpose of the TAMP is to enhance strategic investment in highway assets while meeting Federal requirements.  

is a Bureau in KDOT that is responsible for K-Hub, KanPlan, HPMS submittals, the Priority Formula, and other key input and output related elements tied to Pavement Management.   

See Actions

is a graphical modeling system to enable modeling of software systems and a basis for other modeling languages such as SysML

are an input for PMS partly acquired partly from WinCPMS, data and using along with other inputs.  They are assigned to each action, and can also change based on the pavement type and condition of the pavement condition where the action is being considered.

are the costs to vehicle operators and owners attributed to things like differential usage costs based on pavement smoothness, vehicle repair costs associated with pavement roughness, delay costs due to construction zones or detours, and other similar factors.  These costs are not directly comparable to Agency costs, but they are used to influence decisions to try to contain these costs while minimizing Agency costs and meeting user performance expectations.

is a declaration of the solution’s ability to meet the requirements as written.  This can be Fully Meets, Partially Meets, Alternative Solution Provided, or Does Not Meet.  Alternative Solution Provided must be sufficiently described to show how the intent of the requirement will be met.  Partially meets should also be described.

is a KDOT application to collect and store Joint Distress Data on Concrete surfaces (WHIte PAVement SURvey).

are groupings of aActions based on the relative thickness and/or level of effort of the action.  Reconstruction aActions are considered Hheavy (see 3R) where a thin overlay action is considered light (see 1R) or maybe even non-structural.  The reason these exist is These categories are used to help maintain a mix of fixes across the different wWork tTypes included in the recommendations for candidate projects coming out of Pavement Management.

in the context of these requirements are tools within or connected to the system that help users move through the processes to complete tasks.  These could be emails or other prompts to let users know that it is time to do something or that a preceding step is complete, and they can do the next step.  They can also be processes that don’t require users and can simply execute processes when the time is appropriate, and the relevant data is available.  They can also push results to external users when appropriate.

is a reference to the eXtensible Markup Language standard